Testcontainers

npm install -D testcontainers @testcontainers/mysql @testcontainers/redis @testcontainers/rabbitmq

import { GenericContainer, StartedTestContainer } from 'testcontainers';

const container: StartedTestContainer = await new GenericContainer('nginx:latest')
  .withExposedPorts(80)
  .start();

const host = container.getHost();
const port = container.getMappedPort(80);

console.log(`http://${host}:${port}`); // http://localhost:49152 (랜덤 포트)

// 테스트 끝나면 정리
await container.stop();

const mailpit: StartedTestContainer = await new GenericContainer('axllent/mailpit:latest')
  .withExposedPorts(1025, 8025)
  .start();

const smtpHost = mailpit.getHost();
const smtpPort = mailpit.getMappedPort(1025);  // SMTP 포트
const uiPort = mailpit.getMappedPort(8025);    // 웹 UI 포트

import { MySqlContainer, StartedMySqlContainer } from '@testcontainers/mysql';

const container: StartedMySqlContainer = await new MySqlContainer('mysql:8.0')
  .start();

const host = container.getHost();
const port = container.getPort();
const database = container.getDatabase();
const username = container.getUsername();
const password = container.getUserPassword();
const rootPassword = container.getRootPassword();

import { RedisContainer, StartedRedisContainer } from '@testcontainers/redis';

const container: StartedRedisContainer = await new RedisContainer('redis:6.0-alpine')
  .withCommand(['redis-server', '--databases', '16'])
  .start();

const host = container.getHost();
const port = container.getPort();

import { RabbitMQContainer, StartedRabbitMQContainer } from '@testcontainers/rabbitmq';

const container: StartedRabbitMQContainer = await new RabbitMQContainer('rabbitmq:4.1-management')
  .start();

const host = container.getHost();
const amqpPort = container.getMappedPort(5672);        // AMQP 포트
const managementPort = container.getMappedPort(15672);  // Management UI 포트

new GenericContainer('my-image')
  .withExposedPorts(8080, 9090)
  .start();

new GenericContainer('my-image')
  .withEnvironment({
    NODE_ENV: 'test',
    LOG_LEVEL: 'debug',
  })
  .start();

import * as path from 'path';

new RabbitMQContainer('rabbitmq:4.1-management')
  .withCopyFilesToContainer([
    {
      source: path.resolve(__dirname, 'definitions.json'),
      target: '/etc/rabbitmq/definitions.json',
    },
  ])
  .start();

new RedisContainer('redis:6.0-alpine')
  .withCommand(['redis-server', '--maxmemory', '256mb', '--databases', '32'])
  .start();

const container = await new RabbitMQContainer('rabbitmq:4.1-management').start();

await container.exec([
  'rabbitmqctl',
  'import_definitions',
  '/etc/rabbitmq/definitions.json',
]);

// jest.global-setup.ts
import { MySqlContainer, StartedMySqlContainer } from '@testcontainers/mysql';
import { RedisContainer, StartedRedisContainer } from '@testcontainers/redis';

let mysqlContainer: StartedMySqlContainer;
let redisContainer: StartedRedisContainer;

export default async () => {
  // 컨테이너를 병렬로 시작 — 순차보다 훨씬 빠르다
  [mysqlContainer, redisContainer] = await Promise.all([
    new MySqlContainer('mysql:8.0').start(),
    new RedisContainer('redis:6.0-alpine').start(),
  ]);

  // 환경 변수로 접속 정보를 전달
  process.env.DB_HOST = mysqlContainer.getHost();
  process.env.DB_PORT = mysqlContainer.getPort().toString();
  process.env.DB_NAME = mysqlContainer.getDatabase();
  process.env.DB_USER = mysqlContainer.getUsername();
  process.env.DB_PASSWORD = mysqlContainer.getUserPassword();

  process.env.REDIS_HOST = redisContainer.getHost();
  process.env.REDIS_PORT = redisContainer.getPort().toString();
};

// jest.global-teardown.ts
export default async () => {
  // Testcontainers가 자동으로 정리하지만, 명시적으로 중지하면 더 빠르다
  await Promise.all([
    globalThis.__MYSQL_CONTAINER__?.stop(),
    globalThis.__REDIS_CONTAINER__?.stop(),
  ]);
};

import * as os from 'os';
import * as mysql from 'mysql2/promise';

const CPU_COUNT = os.cpus().length;
const MAX_WORKERS = Math.max(1, Math.floor(CPU_COUNT * 0.5));

const createTestDatabases = async (container: StartedMySqlContainer) => {
  const conn = await mysql.createConnection({
    host: container.getHost(),
    port: container.getPort(),
    user: 'root',
    password: container.getRootPassword(),
  });

  for (let i = 1; i <= MAX_WORKERS; i++) {
    await conn.query(`CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS my_app_test_${i}`);
    await conn.query(
      `GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON my_app_test_${i}.* TO '${container.getUsername()}'@'%'`
    );
  }

  await conn.query('FLUSH PRIVILEGES');
  await conn.end();
};

import { GenericContainer, StartedTestContainer } from 'testcontainers';

const mailpit: StartedTestContainer = await new GenericContainer('axllent/mailpit:latest')
  .withExposedPorts(1025, 8025)
  .start();

// SMTP 접속 정보
process.env.SMTP_HOST = mailpit.getHost();
process.env.SMTP_PORT = mailpit.getMappedPort(1025).toString();

// Mailpit API로 수신된 이메일 확인
const apiUrl = `http://${mailpit.getHost()}:${mailpit.getMappedPort(8025)}`;

# .github/workflows/test.yml
jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: 20
      - run: npm ci
      - run: npm test

// ❌ 잘못된 방식
const redisClient = new Redis({ host: 'localhost', port: 6379 });

// ✅ 올바른 방식
const redisClient = new Redis({
  host: container.getHost(),
  port: container.getPort(),
});